Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41634732›Full record

ArticleHead & face medicine2026

Understanding the risk of metastasis in lower lip carcinoma: clinical insights and prognostic implications.

Katharina Theresa Obermeier, Ella Bachmann, Ina Dewenter, Yoana Malenova, Philipp Poxleitner, Paris Liokatis, Wenko Smolka

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Article in Head & face medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Katharina Theresa ObermeierDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, Munich, 80337, Germany.
Ella BachmannDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Augsburg, Sauerbruchstraße 6, Augsburg, 86179, Germany.
Ina DewenterDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, Munich, 80337, Germany. ina.dewenter@campus.lmu.de.
Yoana MalenovaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, Munich, 80337, Germany.
Philipp PoxleitnerDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, Munich, 80337, Germany.
Paris LiokatisDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, Munich, 80337, Germany.
Wenko SmolkaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, Munich, 80337, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundsCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma accounts for the second most skin tumor and is mostly found in the head and neck area. Lymph nodal spreading appears in around 5% of all patients and worsens the prognosis as well as overall survival. Especially the tumor localisation in the lower lip is known for a higher risk of lymph nodal metastases.

methodsData of 71 patients suffering from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) of the lower lip were analyzed retrospectively. Risk factors such as tumor size and depth of invasion and other histopathological findings were collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the value of different risk factors.

resultsOne-third of all patients suffered from lymph nodal metastases. Poor differentiation was the strongest risk factor for lymph nodal spreading. Tumor diameter of more than 1.6 cm and depth of invasion greater than 0.85 cm were also considered as factors. Patients with G3 tumors had a 19.1 times higher risk for lymph nodal spreading.

conclusionThe lower lip location has a high risk for lymph node metastasis in CSCC. Overall, poor differentiation was the strongest factor associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastases in this patient cohort.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Squamous CellLip NeoplasmsSkin NeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCutaneous Squamous Cell CarcinomaFemaleHumansLymphatic MetastasisMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm InvasivenessNeoplasm StagingPrognosisRetrospective StudiesCutaneous squamous cell carcinomaGradingLower lipMetastases

Identifiers

PMID41634732
PMCPMC12930674

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.