Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41634671›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among domestic workers in Kigali, Rwanda.

Fred Mulisa, Alain Favina, Everest Turatsinze, Dan Lutasingwa, Ritah Mukashyaka, Deborah Kansiime, Odile Habimana, Angelique Uwigiciro, Elisabeth Iriza, Louange Twahirwa Gutabarwa and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Fred MulisaResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda. mulisafred250@gmail.com.
Alain FavinaResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Everest TuratsinzeResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Dan LutasingwaResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Ritah MukashyakaResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Deborah KansiimeResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Odile HabimanaResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Angelique UwigiciroResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Elisabeth IrizaResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Louange Twahirwa GutabarwaResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Precious AzubuikeResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Allan HigiroResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Nicholas HobeResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Aflodis KagabaResearch Department, Health Development Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
Mark Mohan KaggwaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRisky sexual behavior (RSB) significantly increases global health risks, particularly for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The risk is higher among vulnerable groups, such as domestic workers, who face unique challenges due to limited access to sexual health education and resources. Research on RSB among domestic workers is scarce. This study assessed the extent of RSB and identified associated factors among domestic workers in Kigali, Rwanda.

methodsThis cross-sectional study design involved 874 domestic workers in Kigali. Data were collected using the 23-item Sexual Risk Survey (SRS) to assess RSB in the six months preceding the study. We used descriptive statistics to determine the proportion of RSB among domestic workers and the associated factors related to their RSB.

resultsThe median age was 23 (interquartile range[IQR]: 20–25), with a median of 3 years of work experience (IQR: 2–6). Most participants were female (73.91%) and single (94.05%). The median score for RSB was 7 (IQR: 2–13). Increased RSB were positively associated with age (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR]: 1.01; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.004–1.03, P value = 0.007), being male (aIRR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.05–1.31, P value = 0.002), being single (aIRR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.18–2.01, P value < 0.001), having children (aIRR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.42–1.76, P value < 0.001), and being aware of HIV status (aIRR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13–1.41, P value < 0.001).

conclusionThe extent of Risky sexual behavior was considerable among domestic workers in Kigali, with higher engagement observed among older individuals, males, those with children, and those aware of their HIV status. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, including sexual health education and integrated support services, which may help reduce risk and promote well-being in this vulnerable group.

Indexed as

Risk-TakingSexual BehaviorUnsafe SexAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleRisk FactorsRwandaYoung AdultDomestic workersHIVRisky sexual behaviorRwandaSexual reproductive health

Identifiers

PMID41634671
PMCPMC12958764

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.