ArticleBMC public health2026
Long-term health outcomes and risk factors for low self-rated health in non-hospitalised adults with post-COVID-19 condition: a 2.5-year cohort study.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Factors influencing work ability and return-to-work in individuals affected by post-COVID: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Respiratory symptoms up to 18 months after COVID-19 - a longitudinal observational study.Respiratory research · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundKnowledge regarding the clinical course and prognosis in non-hospitalised individuals with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) remains limited. This study aimed to explore the impact of PCC on physical function, physical activity, and mental health in non-hospitalised adults, and to identify risk factors for low self-rated health. Extended knowledge may inform follow-up strategies and targeted interventions in non-hospitalised individuals with PCC.
methodsA cohort study was conducted at a specialised post-COVID clinic, with assessments of physical function (six-minute walk test, one-minute sit-to-stand test, maximal inspiratory pressure, mMRC dyspnoea), physical activity (Frändin/Grimby activity scale), mental health (depression: PHQ-9; anxiety: GAD-7), and self-rated health (EQ VAS) at 12 and 30 months after COVID-19. A total of 130 non-hospitalised adults with PCC were included. Data were collected between August 2020 and December 2024.
resultsParticipants were predominantly middle-aged, previously physically active women. Physical and mental impairments, and low physical activity remained prevalent at follow-up, despite some improvements over time. Impaired performance in the one-minute sit-to-stand test, a Frändin/Grimby activity level < 3, and a PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 at baseline were associated with lower EQ VAS scores at follow-up.
conclusionThere were long-term negative impacts of PCC on health outcomes 2.5 years after COVID-19 in non-hospitalised individuals, including impairments in physical and mental health, low physical activity, and low self-rated health. Impaired physical function, low physical activity, and depressive symptoms were identified as risk factors for low self-rated health. These findings expand current knowledge of prognosis in PCC, underscore the need for systematic follow-up using simple clinical tools to identify individuals at high risk, and inform targeted interventions to improve long-term outcomes.
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