ArticleBMC medical imaging2026
Effect of mandibular second premolar hypodontia on trabecular bone structure: a fractal analysis approach.
Article in BMC medical imaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mandibular trabecular fractal dimension in individuals with type 2 diabetes and hypertension: a retrospective cross-sectional panoramic radiography study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Anatomical Evaluation of Localized Mandibular Trabecular Texture Differences in Children with Hypodontia Using Radiographic Fractal Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Association Between Severe Early Childhood Caries and Mandibular Condylar Trabecular Organization: A 3-Year Retrospective Controlled Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of early trabecular changes around implants using fractal analysis and panoramic indices.PloS one · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the trabecular structure of the alveolar bone in individuals with mandibular second premolar hypodontia using fractal analysis (FA) and to quantitatively determine the potential effects on local bone microarchitecture by comparing the results with those of healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed panoramic radiographs of 112 individuals aged 18 years and older. The case group consisted of 56 individuals with congenitally missing mandibular second premolars and retained primary second molars, while the control group included 56 age and gender-matched healthy individuals. FA was performed using ImageJ software with the box-counting method in three regions of interest: the mandibular angle (ROI1), the area between the apices of the mandibular first and second molars (ROI2), and the mandibular second premolar region defined at the apical level using reference lines parallel to the long axes of the mandibular first premolar and the mesial root of the mandibular first molar (ROI3). Measurements were independently performed by one observer, and intra-observer reliability was assessed using the ICC.
resultsThe fractal dimension (FD) value in the ROI3 region was significantly lower in the hypodontia group (1.28 ± 0.09) compared to the control group (1.36 ± 0.08) (p = 0.003). No significant differences were found in ROI1 and ROI2 regions (p > 0.05). Age and gender had no statistically significant effects on FD values.
conclusionMandibular second premolar hypodontia is a factor that affects the local trabecular organization of the alveolar bone. The decrease in FD values in the region of the missing tooth, despite the presence of the retained primary molar, indicates insufficient micromorphological maturation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.