ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2026
Persistence of vaccine-induced serotype-related pathology in invasive pneumococcal disease in children. Community of Madrid, 2007-2024.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Increase in serotypes 4 and 14 in invasive pneumococcal disease in adults aged 18 to 59 years. A retrospective population-based descriptive study during the period 2007-2025 in the Community of Madrid, Spain.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were implemented in the childhood vaccination program of the Community of Madrid (CM) in 2007, but despite very high vaccination coverage since then, increasing trends in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) have been observed in recent years.
methodsEpidemiological, clinical, and microbiological data from the Notifiable Disease Surveillance System on IPD cases in children aged 0-17 years in the CM during the period 2007-2024 were analysed. A descriptive analysis was conducted by sex, age-group, clinical presentation, laboratory results, prior vaccination, and antibiotic resistance. Incidence rates (IRs) and IR ratios (IRRs) were calculated overall and by serotypes (STs) covered by each vaccine and the most relevant STs using 2015-2019 as reference period.
resultsBetween 2007 and 2024, 1,856 cases of IPD were notified: 1,052 (56.7%) in boys and 804 (43.3%) in girls. By age-group, there were 431 cases (23.2%) in < 1 year, 994 (53.6%) in those aged 1-4 years, and 431 (23.2%) in those aged 5-17 years. PCV7, PCV13, PCV15, and PCV20 vaccine included STs IRs increased 7.0, 2.9, 2.3, and 1.5 times, respectively (all P < 0.05), in 2024. STs 24A, 14, 15A, 10A, and 3 IRs also increased (IRRs: 30.5, 17.8, 2.8, 2.7, and 2.6, respectively; all P < 0.05). No strains of the STs 1, 5, or 7F were detected in 2024, and STs 19A decreased to 2.2%.
conclusionsIRs for children and adolescents increased between 2022 and 2024 in the CM, associated to the rise of some PCVs STs, as ST14, while the still persistent ST3 started to decline after 2022.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41634479What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.