Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41634301›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2026

Digital health interventions for perioperative patient-reported outcomes: a network meta-analysis.

Ziyue Luo, Ruihao Zhou, Jingwen Wei, Kailei Nong, Xiran Peng, Lu Chen, Peiyi Li, Sisi Deng, Mengchan Ou, Ling Ye and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Ziyue Luo *Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ruihao Zhou *Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Jingwen Wei *Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Kailei Nong *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Cochrane China Centre, MAGIC China Centre, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xiran PengDepartment of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Lu ChenDepartment of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Peiyi LiDepartment of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Sisi DengDepartment of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Mengchan OuDepartment of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ling YeDepartment of Pain management, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yaqiang WangCollege of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Guo ChenDepartment of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xuechao HaoDepartment of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. aneshxc@163.com.
Sheyu LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Cochrane China Centre, MAGIC China Centre, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. lisheyu@scu.edu.cn.
Tao ZhuDepartment of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. xwtao.zhu@foxmail.com.

Funding

1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University ZYYC24001the National Natural Science Foundation of China 72342014the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82371280The Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2023ZD0501801The Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2025ZD0550604the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province 2023NSFSC1565the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province 2024YFFK0100the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province 2024ZDZX0017the Sichuan Province Health Research Project ZH2025-103
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Digital health interventions (DHIs), delivered via digital platforms such as internet-based programs, mobile applications or short messages, may improve patient-reported outcomes (PROs), but comparative effectiveness is unclear. We conducted a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in adults undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, identified in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science to March 1, 2025. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), mean differences (MDs) with minimal important differences (MIDs), and 95% CIs were estimated. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 and certainty of evidence with GRADE. Fifty-six trials (6,154 patients) were included. Extended reality (XR) most effectively reduced perioperative anxiety (SMD 0.60; 95% CI 0.37-0.84; MD 8.05; MID 6.71; moderate-certainty). For postoperative pain, mobile applications (SMD 0.64; 95% CI 0.32-0.95; MD 1.36; MID 1.0; moderate-certainty) and XR (SMD 0.51; 95% CI 0.26-0.76; MD 1.09; MID 1.0; moderate-certainty) were probably effective. For quality of life, 2D video yielded the greatest gain (SMD 0.99; 95% CI 0.11-1.88; MD 0.11; MID 0.05; high-certainty). XR also improved satisfaction (SMD 1.27; 95% CI 0.63-1.91; MD 1.91; MID 0.75; moderate-certainty). These findings suggest that DHIs may improve perioperative PROs.

Identifiers

PMID41634301
PMCPMC12976316

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.