ArticleScientific reports2026
Mechanistic insights into modification of clay minerals by detergent-derived surfactants and their impact on petroleum hydrocarbon uptake.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Understanding how surfactants interact with clay minerals is essential for controlling organoclay properties and improving hydrocarbon adsorption performance. However, distinguishing between surfactant adsorption on external surfaces and within interlayer galleries remains challenging using conventional techniques. In this study, we introduce a combined Washburn-immersion methodology that enables both quantification of total surfactant adsorption and localization of adsorbed species. Bentonite and kaolinite were modified using three commercial detergent formulations at concentrations below their experimentally determined critical micelle concentrations (CMC). The resulting changes in wettability, interlayer accessibility, and hydrocarbon uptake were systematically examined. For the first time, this study provides a quantitative framework to distinguish between external-surface adsorption and true interlayer incorporation of surfactants in clay minerals and directly links adsorption location to hydrocarbon uptake behavior. Bentonite exhibited significantly higher surfactant uptake (2.83-3.10 mg·g
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