Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41634030›Full record

ArticleNPJ biofilms and microbiomes2026

The ppGpp-HpaR1-gum regulatory pathway modulates exopolysaccharides production in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.

Kaihong Bai, Xiaoli Xu, Chengxuan Yu, Huayu Yan, Miaomiao Lyu, Na Jiang, Jianqiang Li, Jingnan Zhang, Zhenlong Wang, Laixin Luo

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In one paragraph

Article in NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kaihong Bai *School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. bkh0616@zzu.edu.cn.
Xiaoli Xu *Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Beijing, China.
Chengxuan YuDepartment of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Beijing, China.
Huayu YanDepartment of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Beijing, China.
Miaomiao LyuSchool of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Na JiangDepartment of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Beijing, China.
Jianqiang LiDepartment of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Beijing, China.
Jingnan ZhangSchool of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Zhenlong WangSchool of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Laixin LuoDepartment of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Beijing, China.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality 6222025Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province 252300423649
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are critical components of the biofilm matrix, and ppGpp has been demonstrated to positively influence biofilm formation. Here, we elucidate the underlying mechanism by which ppGpp regulates EPS production by facilitating HpaR1 to modulate the expression of the gum cluster in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). ppGpp affected the yield of EPS without influencing its primary or advanced structure, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Expression of the gum cluster, which governs EPS biosynthesis in Xcc, was down-regulated in the ppGpp-deficient mutant (ΔrelAΔspoT) compared to the wild type (WT). Comparison of EPS production between knock-out mutants of the gum cluster and ppGpp-deficient mutant revealed that the gum cluster was a key determinant of EPS production, with ppGpp acting upstream of the gum cluster. Transcriptomic and qPCR analyses indicated that ppGpp modulated global transcription in Xcc, positively regulating expression of hpaR1, which encodes the transcription factor for the gum cluster. This regulatory role was further substantiated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, which showed that ppGpp enhanced the DNA-binding activity of HpaR1. Furthermore, genetic complementation with hpaR1 restored EPS production, confirming its functional role in this regulatory pathway. In summary, these findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms linking ppGpp signaling to EPS production in X. campestris pv. campestris.

Indexed as

Bacterial ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialGuanosine PentaphosphateGuanosine TetraphosphatePolysaccharides, BacterialXanthomonas campestrisBiofilmsGene Expression ProfilingMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredBacterial ProteinsGuanosine PentaphosphateGuanosine TetraphosphatePolysaccharides, Bacterial

Identifiers

PMID41634030
PMCPMC12976361

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.