ArticleKorean journal of radiology2026
Risk of Parkinsonism After Exposure to Different Types of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study of 222,977 Individuals.
Article in Korean journal of radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Response to "There is Currently No Clear Evidence That Linear or Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents Cause Parkinson's Disease or Parkinson Syndrome".Korean journal of radiology · 2026Article
- There is Currently No Clear Evidence That Linear or Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents Cause Parkinson's Disease or Parkinson Syndrome.Korean journal of radiology · 2026Article
- Green MRI for neuroimaging: monitoring brain tumors using non-contrast sequences.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Diagnostic and Prognostic Non-Invasive Markers in Bladder Cancer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Verdict: No Evidence of Increased Parkinsonism Risk With Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents.Korean journal of radiology · 2026Article
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8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to assess the association between exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and the risk of parkinsonism according to the GBCA type. MATERIALS AND
methodsIndividuals aged ≥40 years who underwent first-ever magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations between 2011 and 2014 were identified from the Korean nationwide population-based health insurance claims database and followed up until 2022. Individuals were divided into those who underwent at least one GBCA-enhanced MRI, and those who underwent only non-enhanced MRI. GBCA-exposed individuals were further categorized into those exposed only to linear or macrocyclic GBCAs, after excluding those exposed to both types. The primary event of interest was all-cause parkinsonism. Secondary events included all-cause parkinsonism requiring medication, Parkinson's disease (PD), atypical parkinsonism, and secondary parkinsonism. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models for exposure to linear and macrocyclic GBCAs, with the non-enhanced MRI group serving as a reference. The models were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and comorbidities. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, sex, renal function, and history of cancer.
resultsA total of 222,977 individuals were included in this study. Among them, 92,230, 48,335, and 82,412 individuals underwent non-enhanced, linear GBCA-enhanced, and macrocyclic GBCA-enhanced MRI, respectively. Exposure to linear GBCAs slightly increased the risk of all-cause parkinsonism (adjusted HR, 1.13 [97.5% confidence interval, 1.08-1.19]), while exposure to macrocyclic GBCAs did not increase the risk (adjusted HR, 1.00 [97.5% confidence interval, 0.95-1.05]). The results were similar for all-cause parkinsonism requiring medication, PD, and secondary parkinsonism, whereas no significant association was observed for atypical parkinsonism.
conclusionExposure to linear GBCAs may slightly increase the risk of parkinsonism in adults, whereas exposure to macrocyclic GBCAs may not. Caution should be exercised when using linear GBCAs until further evidence emerges.
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