ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2026
Effect of a gut commensal Lactobacillus strain Limosilactobacillus caviae JL20 on leptospiral whole-cell inactivated vaccine in hamsters.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic threat caused by pathogenic Leptospira, and it remains challenging to combat because of persistent bottlenecks in vaccine development. The lack of well-defined protective antigens across Leptospira serovars continues to necessitate reliance on whole-cell inactivated vaccines, despite their recognized limitations: suboptimal efficacy and the absence of cross-serovar protection. In this study, we presented a Limosilactobacillus caviae (L. caviae) JL20 that significantly potentiated leptospiral vaccine efficacy through adjuvant-like effects. Survival assessment of hamsters demonstrated that JL20 enhances both vaccine efficacy and cross-protection. Oral JL20 significantly increased vaccine-induced cross-reactive binding antibody titers and total IgG antibody responses. In addition, JL20 exerted a priming effect in splenic macrophages, augmenting the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in response to leptospiral vaccine stimulation, with a parallel enhancement in glycolytic activity. In vivo experiments demonstrated that JL20 significantly upregulated the expression of surface molecules CD38, CD69, and CD25 on T cells, as well as the production of the cytokine IL-2. JL20 enhanced the surface expression of key markers-including CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II-on B cells. These effects indicate that JL20 enhances both cellular and humoral immune responses of leptospiral vaccine.
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