Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41632631›Full record

ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2026

Investigating high pathogenicity avian influenza virus incursions to remote islands: detection of H5N1 on Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean.

Antje Steinfurth, Joshua G Lynton-Jenkins, Jaimie Cleeland, Benjamin C Mollett, Holly A Coombes, Andrea Moores, Robyn Neal, Ben Clifton, Marco Falchieri, Christopher W Jones and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Counting cases, conserving species: addressing highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Antje SteinfurthCentre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Cambridge, UK.
Joshua G Lynton-JenkinsDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Influenza and Avian Virology workgroup, Surrey, UK.
Jaimie CleelandBritish Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK.
Benjamin C MollettDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Influenza and Avian Virology workgroup, Surrey, UK.
Holly A CoombesDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Influenza and Avian Virology workgroup, Surrey, UK.
Andrea MooresDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Influenza and Avian Virology workgroup, Surrey, UK.
Robyn NealDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Influenza and Avian Virology workgroup, Surrey, UK.
Ben CliftonDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Influenza and Avian Virology workgroup, Surrey, UK.
Marco FalchieriDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Influenza and Avian Virology workgroup, Surrey, UK.
Christopher W JonesCentre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Cambridge, UK.
Michelle M RisiCentre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Cambridge, UK.
Susannah GoldCentre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Cambridge, UK.
Joe JamesDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Influenza and Avian Virology workgroup, Surrey, UK.
Peter G RyanFitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
Jacob González-SolísDepartament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
Ashley C BanyardDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Influenza and Avian Virology workgroup, Surrey, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the emergence and spread of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is critical for tracking its global dissemination, particularly via migratory seabirds, given their role in transmission over long distances. Scavenging seabirds, such as skuas, may act as both reservoirs and vectors, and have been linked to multiple outbreaks since 2021. Here, we report the detection of HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in three Tristan skua (

Indexed as

CharadriiformesInfluenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeInfluenza in BirdsAnimal MigrationAnimalsAtlantic OceanBirdsIslandsPhylogenyBrown SkuaemergingGough IslandHigh pathogenicity avian influenzamigrationtransmission

Identifiers

PMID41632631
PMCPMC12927406

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.