ArticleMycotoxin research2026
Mycotoxin occurrence and risk assessment in plant-based meat, cheese, and fish alternatives based on an adapted UHPLC-MS/MS multi-method.
Article in Mycotoxin research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mycotoxin exposure following an eight-week vegan or meat-rich dietary intervention: a randomized-controlled trial.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Quantification of aflatoxins and sterigmatocystin in walnuts, cashews, pistachios, peanuts, and hazelnuts by using UHPLC-MS/MS following Aspergillus flavus inoculation.Mycotoxin research · 2026Article
- Rethinking Sustainability in Plant-Based Proteins: A Systems Perspective from Crop to Consumer.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Development of a high-throughput UHPLC-MS/MS multi-method for the analysis of mycotoxins in plant-based milk alternatives as the basis for risk assessment.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plant-based alternatives to animal-derived products have gained significant prominence in recent years, with the market for these products experiencing continuous growth. In response to this trend, we developed an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantification of 15 mycotoxins from Fusarium (deoxynivalenol (DON), DON-3-glucoside (D3G), 3-acetyl-DON, 15-acetyl-DON, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin), Alternaria (alternariol, alternariolmonomethylether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA)), and Aspergillus species (aflatoxin (AF) B1, B2, G1, G2, sterigmatocystin (STC), ochratoxin A) in plant-based meat, cheese, and fish substitutes. Sample extraction was performed using a QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) approach, followed by dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) for clean-up. Quantification was achieved through stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA). The method demonstrated limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.01 µg/kg (AFB2 and STC) to 14.1 µg/kg (D3G) and limits of quantification (LOQ) between 0.02 µg/kg (STC) and 41.9 µg/kg (D3G). This method was successfully applied to quantify mycotoxins in 32 plant-based alternative products, revealing contamination predominantly with Alternaria toxins such as AME and TeA. Seitan-based products were identified as having the highest levels of contamination. In total, 27 out of 32 analyzed products contained at least one of the target mycotoxins. With the obtained data, we performed a risk assessment and revealed a potential risk, especially for toddlers, but also for individuals of all ages, due to the presence of Alternaria toxins. However, none of the detected concentrations exceeded the established regulatory limits or recommended values, as plant-based alternatives are not specifically included in the relevant food safety regulations.
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