Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41632166›Full record

ArticleJAMA network open2025

Depression and Anxiety Among Young Gender- and Sexuality-Diverse Adolescents.

Sarita Bista, Aliza Werner-Seidler, Kate Maston, Ashleigh Lin, Yael Perry, Cristyn Davies, Petra L Graham, Helen Christensen, Jennifer L Marino, S Rachel Skinner

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JAMA network open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sarita BistaSpecialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Aliza Werner-SeidlerBlack Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Kate MastonBlack Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Ashleigh LinSchool of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Yael PerryThe Kids Research Institute Australia, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Cristyn DaviesSpecialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Petra L GrahamSchool of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia.
Helen ChristensenBlack Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Jennifer L MarinoSpecialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
S Rachel SkinnerSpecialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Importance: Gender- and sexuality-diverse (GSD) youths are at increased risk of depression and anxiety compared with their cisgender and heterosexual counterparts. Little is known about the risks for younger GSD adolescents (<15 years). Objective: To estimate the prevalence and odds of depression and anxiety for younger GSD adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study collected baseline data across 3 separate cohorts of year (grade) 8 students (August through September 2019; August through November 2020; and April 2021 through March 2022) in the Future Proofing Study, an Australian prospective study. All year 8 students from 134 secondary participating schools across Australia were invited to participate in the survey. Data were analyzed in April 2025. Exposures: Gender diversity and sexuality diversity status. Main Outcomes and Measures: Self-reported depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents, and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale. Results: The sample comprised 6388 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 13.9 [0.5] years); 5842 (91.5%) were born in Australia, 5982 (93.7%) spoke English at home, and 5009 (78.4%) lived in a 2-parent home. Sex at birth included 3329 (52.1%) female, 2968 (46.5%) male, 33 (0.5%) unsure, 51 (0.8%) prefer not to report, and 6 (0.1%) another. There were 6019 cisgender respondents (95.0%), 209 gender-diverse respondents (3.3%), and 109 prefer not to report about gender (1.7%); sexuality identity included 4472 heterosexual respondents (70.0%), 767 sexuality-diverse respondents (12.0%), 559 respondents (8.8%) unsure, 296 prefer not to report (4.6%), and 294 respondents (4.6%) missing these data. Of the 6388 adolescents in the sample, 3745 (58.6%) reported depression (2780 [43.5%] mild to moderate, 965 [15.1%] clinical levels), and 1888 (29.6%) reported anxiety (958 [15.0%] mild to moderate, 930 [14.6%] clinical levels). Larger proportions of GSD adolescents reported clinical levels of depression (gender diverse: 59.3% vs 13.3%, P < .001; sexuality diverse: 43.4% vs 10.1%, P < .001) and anxiety (gender diverse: 48.8% vs 13.1%, P < .001; sexuality diverse: 35.3% vs 10.9%, P < .001) than cisgender and heterosexual counterparts, respectively. Larger proportions of GSD adolescents faced greater demographic individual, psychosocial, and contextual adversities. In multivariable multinomial logistic models, GSD status was associated with higher odds of clinical-level depression (gender-diverse odds ratio [OR], 5.68 [95% CI, 3.46-9.33]; sexuality-diverse OR, 6.49 [95% CI, 4.66-9.03]) and anxiety (gender-diverse OR, 3.49 [95% CI, 2.46-4.95]; sexuality-diverse OR, 3.07 [95% CI, 2.40-3.93]) compared with cisgender and heterosexual peers. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study, higher prevalence and risk of greater depression and anxiety symptoms were evident among younger GSD adolescents. To improve their mental health, prevention and interventions addressing identity-specific stressors and broader contextual risk and protective factors should be initiated by early adolescence.

Indexed as

AnxietyDepressionSexual and Gender MinoritiesAdolescentAustraliaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGender-Nonconforming PersonsHumansMalePrevalenceProspective StudiesSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID41632166
PMCPMC12750252

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.