SynthesisThoracic cancer2026
Treatment-Related and Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Combination Therapies for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Thoracic cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Treatment-Related and Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Combination Therapies for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Thoracic cancer · 2026Pooled it
- B-cells in breast cancer: current insights and challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapy has transformed the therapeutic landscape of breast cancer. Nevertheless, an exhaustive overview of the treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) spectrum of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combination therapies remains lacking. We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis comparing chemotherapy, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, and dual therapy combined with ICIs. The primary outcomes were overall incidence rates and profiles for all-grade and grade 3 or higher TRAEs and irAEs according to random effects models. We identified 8236 records, 100 of which (9192 patients) met the inclusion criteria. For grade ≥ 3 TRAEs, the ICI-based chemotherapy and ICI-based ADC regimens demonstrated equivalent incidence rates, marginally exceeding those observed in the ICI-based targeted therapy group. Analysis of irAEs revealed that ICI-based chemotherapy combinations had a significantly lower incidence than other dual-agent regimens did. In triplet regimens that combined ICIs with chemotherapy plus additional immunotherapy, irAEs rates remained nearly comparable to those of dual therapies. Among the therapeutic regimens analyzed, ICIs combined with multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors (mTKIs) presented the highest incidence rates of both all-grade and grade ≥ 3 irAEs. Conversely, combination regimens of ICIs with poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors or HER2-targeted monotherapy demonstrated markedly lower risks of irAEs. Our study provides comprehensive data on the TRAEs and irAEs associated with ICI-based combination therapies. These results offer direct and practical references for clinicians to evaluate toxicity profiles and optimize treatment decisions in routine breast cancer care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.