Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41631676›Full record

ArticleANZ journal of surgery2026

Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction: Patient Characteristics and Outcomes in Australia.

Zhou Hao Leong, Sarah Emmett, Katrina Sandham, Thomas Stewart, Daniel Novakovic

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ANZ journal of surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zhou Hao LeongUniversity of Sydney Voice Research Laboratory, Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1390-6445
Sarah EmmettUniversity of Sydney Voice Research Laboratory, Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Katrina SandhamUniversity of Sydney Voice Research Laboratory, Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Thomas StewartUniversity of Sydney Voice Research Laboratory, Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Daniel NovakovicUniversity of Sydney Voice Research Laboratory, Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-3839-1353

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveRetrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction (RCPD) is characterised by an inability to burp. Typical first-line management involves injection of Botulinum A toxin (BonT-A) into the cricopharyngeus. We present our series of 109 RCPD patients.

methodsA retrospective chart review was conducted between January 2018 and November 2024. Demographics and clinical data were extracted. From late 2021 onwards, we also started collecting scores from a 7-point Likert questionnaire based on the six cardinal symptoms of RCPD (RCPD-Q in short).

resultsA109 patients were identified. Sixty-two (56.9%) were female. Mean age was 30.0 (range: 14-72). The majority (91.7%) were of Caucasian ethnicity. Eighty patients completed the RCPD-Q at their initial consultation, with a mean score of 27.6/36 (range: 13-36). Seventy-four patients underwent initial treatment. At first follow-up within 4 weeks, 53 patients (71.6%) had complete resolution, 11 (14.9%) had partial resolution and seven (9.5%) had no change in symptoms. In the 30 patients who completed follow-up at > 3 months after treatment, 17 patients (56.7%) reported complete resolution, three patients (10%) reported partial resolution and 10 patients (33.3%) reported no resolution or reversion to baseline symptoms.

conclusionYounger age, treatment under general anaesthesia, and higher doses of BonT-A were associated with higher rates of success. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3.

Indexed as

Botulinum Toxins, Type ADeglutition DisordersNeuromuscular AgentsPharyngeal MusclesAdolescentAdultAgedAustraliaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultBotulinum Toxins, Type ANeuromuscular Agentsbotulinum toxinno burpretrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction

Identifiers

PMID41631676
PMCPMC13006706

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.