Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41631159›Full record

ArticleMolecular therapy. Oncology2026

Improved oncolytic and immunostimulatory activity of the spontaneous

Arjanneke F van de Merbel, Maaike H van der Mark, Lobke C M Hensen, Diana J M van den Wollenberg, Rob C Hoeben, Willemijn C G Zonneveld, Rob C M Pelger, Maxime T M Kummeling, Geertje van der Horst, Gabri van der Pluijm

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular therapy. Oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The emerging role of oncolytic virotherapy in genitourinary malignancies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Arjanneke F van de MerbelDepartment of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands.
Maaike H van der MarkDepartment of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands.
Lobke C M HensenDepartment of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands.
Diana J M van den WollenbergDepartment of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands.
Rob C HoebenDepartment of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands.
Willemijn C G ZonneveldDepartment of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands.
Rob C M PelgerDepartment of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands.
Maxime T M KummelingDepartment of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands.
Geertje van der HorstDepartment of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands.
Gabri van der PluijmDepartment of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) but not all patients show clinically desirable responses upon treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibition. Oncolytic viruses may unleash the full potential of immunotherapy. Besides tumor-lysing properties, oncolytic viruses can induce durable and systemic anti-viral and anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we evaluated and compared oncolytic and immunostimulatory properties of wild-type reovirus (R124) and the junction-adhesion molecule-independent mutant reovirus (

Indexed as

bladder cancerex vivo explantsimmunogenic cell deathimmunotherapyjin-3oncolytic virusesPDX modelsreovirusthree-dimensional culturestumour-immune cell co-culture

Identifiers

PMID41631159
PMCPMC12860623

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.