ArticlePreventive medicine reports2026
Childhood adversity and self-rated health disparities by citizenship in middle-aged-and-older Latino adults in California.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Objectives: We assessed the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and fair/poor self-rated health (SRH), and whether citizenship modifies it among Latinos aged ≥50 years. Methods: Latinos aged ≥50 from the 2021-2022 California Health Interview Survey ( Results: High ACE exposure (≥4) was associated with a higher fair/poor SRH prevalence (PR = 1.38, 95% CI:1.21, 1.57) relative to low ACEs. Immigrant Latinos had higher fair/poor SRH prevalence than U.S.-born Latinos, strongest among noncitizens (PR = 2.19, 95% CI:1.86, 2.57). Multiplicative interaction by citizenship was statistically significant; however, the relative association between high ACEs and fair/poor SRH was smaller among immigrant Latinos than U.S.-born Latinos. On the additive scale, high ACEs corresponded to meaningful absolute increases in fair/poor SRH across all groups (U.S.-born: +14 percentage points; naturalized: +6; noncitizens: +12). Conclusions: High ACE exposure is consistently associated with poorer SRH among Latinos aged ≥50, but citizenship shapes how this risk is expressed. Evaluating both additive and multiplicative scales clarifies that smaller relative effects among noncitizens coexist with substantial absolute health burdens.
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