Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41630963›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of preventive cardiology2026

Immune-mediated inflammatory disease and coronary calcium: Elevated baseline risk and attenuated prognostic gradient.

Prerna Singh, Michael D Glidden, Santosh Sirasapalli, Sai Ponnana, Neda Shafiabadi Hassani, Christos P Kotanidis, Abigail Wilgor, Brittany N Weber, David L Wilson, Sanjay Rajagopalan

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In one paragraph

Article in American journal of preventive cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Prerna SinghDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Michael D GliddenHarrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Santosh SirasapalliHarrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Sai PonnanaHarrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Neda Shafiabadi HassaniHarrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Christos P KotanidisHeart and Vascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Abigail WilgorHarrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Brittany N WeberCardio-Rheumatology and Cardio-Dermatology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
David L WilsonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Sanjay RajagopalanHarrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.

Funding

Cardiovascular risk prediction from small, low-densitycalcifications detected on CT calciumscore examsF30HL178232 · NHLBI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI Prerna Singh · 2025 to 2026
$110k
NHLBI NIH HHS F30 HL178232
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, yet it is unclear whether CT coronary artery calcium scoring (CTCS) captures this excess cardiovascular risk accurately. We hypothesized that in adults undergoing CTCS, IMID modifies the relationship between coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and incident major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Methods: Among 43,420 individuals in the CLARIFY Registry (University Hospitals Cleveland, 2014-2020) who underwent no-cost CTCS scans, we identified 545 individuals with IMID. After propensity-score matching on age, sex, race, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking status with a 2:1 ratio, 1635 matched individuals were analyzed (545 with IMID and 1090 matched non-IMID controls). CAC was categorized as 0, 1-99, 100-399, ≥400. The primary outcome of 4-point MACE was analyzed over a median 4.2-year follow-up. Cox models tested CAC categories compared to CAC 0, stratified by IMID. Additionally, a log(CAC+1) × IMID interaction term was modeled, to assess whether the risk gradient of CAC differed by IMID status. Results: Individuals with IMID exhibited over twice the MACE incidence of matched controls (40.8 vs 17.6 per 1000 person-years). Among those with zero CAC, those with IMID had a three-fold higher event rate (21.98 vs 7.18 per 1000 person-years). In controls, MACE risk rose stepwise with CAC, quadrupling from CAC 0 to ≥400 (adjusted HR = 4.74; Conclusion: In IMID, baseline risk is elevated even with zero CAC, with attenuation of the traditional CAC-risk gradient observed in non-IMID controls. These findings suggest that, in IMID (1) a CAC score of zero may not guarantee low cardiovascular risk and (2) CAC has less incremental prognostic value than in the general population.

Indexed as

Computed tomographyCoronary artery calciumImmune-mediated inflammatory diseasesMajor adverse cardiac events

Identifiers

PMID41630963
PMCPMC12860632

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.