Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41630765›Full record

ArticleOpen veterinary journal2025

Camels' antibody response to

Baraa Falemban, Mohamed Marzok, Mahdi Al Dhafiri, Sherif M Saleh, Abdullah Ayman Al-Wail, Adel I Almubarak, Mahmoud Fayez, Mohamed Salem, Jamal Hussen

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Open veterinary journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Baraa FalembanDepartment of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed MarzokDepartment of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Mahdi Al DhafiriDepartment of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Sherif M SalehDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah Ayman Al-WailDepartment of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Adel I AlmubarakDepartment of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Mahmoud FayezDepartment of Bacteriology, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohamed SalemDepartment of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Jamal HussenDepartment of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: In recent years, camel owners have increasingly attempted to make their camels more attractive by injecting Aim: This study aimed to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for the detection of antibodies to natural BNT-A in the serum of camels injected with the commercial cosmetic Methods: In the first part of the study, an indirect ELISA test was established based on coating ELISA plates with BNT-A antigen and detecting anti-BNT-A antibodies using horseradish-peroxidase-labeled conjugate. Using a polyclonal immunoglobulin G anti-BNT-A antibody as a positive control, coating ELISA plates with the inactivated BNT-A toxoid resulted in better optical density values than the recombinant BNT-A toxin. After testing several concentrations of the BNT-A toxoid, the optimal concentration for coating the plates was 2 µg/ml. In the second part of the study, eight dromedary camels were experimentally injected with Botox in their lips, and serum samples were collected before the injection (day 0) as well as 2 weeks (day 14) and 4 weeks (day 28) after the injection. Results: All camels developed an antibody response to the BNT-A toxin when comparing serum samples collected before and after injection with Botox. Except for one camel, all the injected camels showed an increase in antibody titer on day 28, while no antibody response could be detected on day 14 after injection. Conclusion: This is the first report on the immune response in camels after

Indexed as

Antibodies, BacterialAntibody FormationBotulinum Toxins, Type ACamelusAnimalsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayMaleAntibodies, BacterialBotulinum Toxins, Type AAntibody responseBotoxBotulinum toxinCamel beautyELISA

Identifiers

PMID41630765
PMCPMC12861438

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.