ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
A comparative study of cardiovascular diseases risk profile among HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy and HIV-negative controls in a secondary healthcare setting in southwest Nigeria.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundStudies from developed countries have shown that people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWHIV) have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) compared to the general population. Sub-Saharan Africa bears a substantial share of the global HIV burden, yet there are very few studies that used standard cardiovascular risk assessment tools among PLWHIV in the local setting. There has been little or no attention paid to cardiovascular disease risk prevention in policy and practice in Nigeria. This study compared the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and the 10-year cardiovascular risk levels between PLWHIV and HIV-negative patients at a local mission hospital in Osun State, Nigeria.
methodsThis was a comparative analytical study involving 200 adult patients, with 100 PLWHIV and 100 HIV-negative individuals matched for age and sex. The respondents were recruited through a systematic random sampling technique. Data on anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and other relevant parameters were collected. The 10-year predicted CVDs risk was assessed using the QRISK2 score. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square and Student's t-test, were done.
resultsThe mean age of the 200 participants was 44.1 ± 11.4 years. Among the PLWHIV, the prevalence of hypertension was 39%, overweight/obesity (34%), and hyperglycaemia (28%). Dyslipidaemia was present in 70%, encompassing high total cholesterol (25%), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was low in 47%, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) was elevated in 21%, and high triglycerides (12%). HIV-negative patients had a lower prevalence of most risk factors. The mean QRISK2 score was significantly higher among the PLWHIV compared to controls (p = 0.002). The proportion of PLWHIV with elevated 10-year cardiovascular risk (23%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (7%) with p = 0.003.
conclusionThe PLWHIV demonstrated higher CVDs risk than their HIV-negative counterparts. There is a need for targeted policies and reorganization of HIV care toward early identification and management of CVDs risk factors in PLWHIV to improve their long-term health outcomes.
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