Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41629658›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Genetics2026

The genetic foundations of convergent traits.

John B Allard, Sudhir Kumar

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Adaptive molecular convergence is pervasive across deep time and largely decoupled from phenotypic convergence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

John B AllardInstitute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-7766-0769
Sudhir KumarInstitute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. s.kumar@temple.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-8212

Funding

Methods For Evolutionary Genomics AnalysisR35GM139540 · NIGMS · TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH · PI Sudhir Kumar · 2021 to 2026
$2.9M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM139540
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Convergent phenotypic evolution, the independent acquisition of similar or nearly identical traits in multiple species, is widespread throughout the tree of life. These cases of repeated evolution offer an opportunity to investigate shared genetic changes underlying shared traits, thereby linking genotypes to phenotypes. Genetic convergence can take many forms: identical amino acid or nucleotide substitutions; non-identical changes in orthologous genes or other elements; losses or gains of the same genetic elements; or convergent shifts in molecular evolutionary characteristics, such as substitution rates, amino acid preferences and selection strength. However, identifying adaptive genetic convergence, whereby evolved traits provide a fitness advantage, is challenging due to a pervasive background of random convergence that causes low signal-to-noise ratios. Numerous computational methods, including machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches, have been developed to detect, interpret and predict molecular convergence across multiple levels of genetic organization in multicellular organisms. These emerging approaches offer novel avenues to uncover the genetic foundations of complex and biomedically important traits.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionEvolution, MolecularAnimalsGenotypeHumansModels, GeneticPhenotypeSelection, Genetic

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.