Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41629631›Full record

ArticleSpinal cord2026

Translation and linguistic validation of the international standards to document autonomic function following spinal cord injury (ISAFSCI) for Japanese healthcare professionals.

Ryo Nakahara, Yousuke Tanaka, Kotaro Kojima, Hajime Miyashita, Hiroki Sato, Naoki Asai, Tatsuro Yamashita, Yoko Bourne, Miyako Kobayashi, Claire Shackleton and 2 more

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Spinal cord, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ryo NakaharaDpartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Yousuke TanakaDepartment of Rehabilitation, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Hokkaido, Japan.
Kotaro KojimaDepartment of Rehabilitation, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hajime MiyashitaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan.
Hiroki SatoDepartment of Rehabilitation, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Iwate, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-7245-6555
Naoki AsaiDepartment of Rehabilitation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa, Japan.
Tatsuro YamashitaDivision of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan.ORCID 0009-0006-5166-8520
Yoko BourneDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Edmonton General Continuing Care Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Miyako KobayashiMotion Sports Medicine, Rye, NY, USA.
Claire ShackletonInternational Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Andrei V KrassioukovInternational Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0022-7972
Soshi SamejimaDpartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. soshis@uw.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-3796-8085

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

STUDY

designForward and backward translation processes were conducted first, followed by cognitive interviews for validation within a cross-sectional study design.

objectiveTo translate the second edition (2021) of the International Standards to document Autonomic Function after Spinal Cord Injury (ISAFSCI) from English to Japanese using established translation guidelines.

settingDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington. Cognitive interviews were conducted in person or via secure video conferencing.

methodsThe second edition (2021) of the ISAFSCI was translated into Japanese by two groups of bilingual Japanese healthcare professionals, and then back translated to English independently. After iterative review and confirmation by the developer, a pre-final version was created. Cognitive interviews were conducted with 15 Japanese healthcare professionals practicing spinal cord injury (SCI) care.

resultsAll aspects of the ISAFSCI were translated including survey items (n = 114) and instructional items (n = 111). During back-translation, 10.7% of items showed language discrepancies. These were resolved through a second round of expert committee review and developer evaluation. Cognitive interviews revealed that most items were well understood. Modifications (n = 19) were required to clarify expressions related to autonomic function and anatomical terminology.

conclusionFollowing a rigorous translation process, the Japanese version of the second ISAFSCI edition 2021 demonstrated linguistic clarity, cultural relevance, and broad comprehensibility among Japanese healthcare professionals. In addition to its clinical and research utility, this survey could address the knowledge gap about autonomic dysfunction after SCI by promoting awareness and education in the Japanese healthcare community.

Indexed as

Autonomic Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous System DiseasesHealth PersonnelSpinal Cord InjuriesTranslationsAdultCross-Sectional StudiesEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedTranslating

Identifiers

PMID41629631

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.