Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41629461›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Impact of mare milk-derived small extracellular vesicles on proliferation, phagocytosis, and migration in RAW264.7 macrophage.

Shuang Wang, Qingkai Lan, Siren Badama, Buhe Nashun, Yun Wu, Yujing Bai, Rihua Xu, La Ta, Xilinqiqige Bao, Jun Fang and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Shuang Wang *Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
Qingkai Lan *Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
Siren Badama *Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot, 010065, China.
Buhe Nashun *Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
Yun WuInner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot, 010065, China.
Yujing BaiInner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
Rihua XuInner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
La TaInner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
Xilinqiqige BaoInner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
Jun FangInner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, 010010, China.
Nagongbilige HeInner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, 010010, China.
Tserentsoo ByambaaMongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Tsend-Ayush DambaMongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Tserendavga DalkhMongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Qin SiInner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot, 010065, China. siqin4302378@163.com.

Funding

the Inner Mongolia Association of Mongolian Medicine MXK-150the National Natural Science Foundation of China 81960790the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia 2024LHMS08016the United Fund Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University YKD2024LH007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mare milk is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, suggesting that its Small extracellular vesicles may possess immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we developed an optimized ultracentrifugation method to isolate Mare Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles (MM-sEVs) from mare milk, achieving higher yield and purity compared to conventional approaches. The isolated MM-sEVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blotting. Proteomic and microarray analyses revealed that MM-sEVs are enriched with immune-related proteins (e.g., RHOA) and microRNAs (e.g., miR-155). When co-cultured with RAW264.7 macrophages, MM-sEVs significantly enhanced phagocytic activity, reduced cell migration, upregulated IL-10 expression, and modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6, etc., while IFN-γ levels remained unchanged. These findings highlight the immunomodulatory potential of MM-sEVs, particularly in regulating macrophage functions, and provide novel evidence supporting their prospective applications in health-related fields.

Indexed as

Cell MovementCell ProliferationExtracellular VesiclesMacrophagesMilkPhagocytosisAnimalsCytokinesFemaleMiceMicroRNAsProteomicsRAW 264.7 CellsCytokinesMicroRNAsCell migrationCytokineMiRNAsMM-sEVsProteomics

Identifiers

PMID41629461
PMCPMC12916802

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.