Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41629448›Full record

ArticleCommunications biology2026

Computational epitope heterogeneity analysis in immunostainings from antibody-dilution series.

Dominik Tschimmel, Momina Saeed, Maria Milani, Steffen Waldherr, Tim Hucho

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dominik TschimmelTranslational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5238-9930
Momina SaeedTranslational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Maria MilaniTranslational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-5201-971X
Steffen WaldherrDepartment of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-579X
Tim HuchoTranslational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. tim.hucho@uk-koeln.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-9308

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 459759629
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibodies are widely used in life sciences and medical therapy. Broadly applicable methods to determine epitope heterogeneity in immunostaining systems are missing. Here, we present a simple-to-use approach to characterize and quantify antibody binding properties that constitute the staining directly in the system of choice. We determine an epitope heterogeneity on the basis of a computational analysis of antibody-dilution immunofluorescence stainings. This allows us to choose signal-specificity maximizing dilutions and to improve signal quantification. Furthermore, the computational analysis provides approaches to obtain a single-channel antibody multiplexing. Our approach could help improving immunostainings in many laboratories by guiding the choice of antibody dilution, by increasing the possibility of antibody-multiplexing in the same color-channel and by allowing for the analysis of binding targets of multi-specific antibodies.

Indexed as

AntibodiesComputational BiologyEpitope MappingEpitopesFluorescent Antibody TechniqueAnimalsHumansAntibodiesEpitopes

Identifiers

PMID41629448
PMCPMC12902027

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.