Feasibility of cow-dung groundnut-shell composite as a decentralized renewable fuel for clean cooking.

Sneha Gautam, Lazarus Godson Asirvatham, Bairi Levi Rakshith, Chang-Hoi Ho

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sneha GautamDivision of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India. snehagautam@karunya.edu.

Lazarus Godson AsirvathamDivision of Mechanical Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.

Bairi Levi RakshithDivision of Mechanical Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.

Chang-Hoi HoDepartment of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea. hoch@ewha.ac.kr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Conventional biomass fuels (e.g., untreated firewood and raw cow dung cakes) continue to be the predominant household energy source in rural areas, but this can lead to serious indoor air pollution and associated health consequences. This study presents a cost effective, scalable, and environmentally friendly energy source derived from a mixture of locally available cow dung and groundnut shell powder. Fuel cakes are made in the form of a disc so that they could be used in current rural cookstoves, making them user-friendly and requiring minimal change in cooking habits. Four different composition ratios C1 (100% cow dung), C2 (75% cow dung + 25% groundnut shell), C3 (50% cow dung + 50% groundnut shell), and C4 (25% cow dung + 75% groundnut shell) are experimented. The C4 ratio results in a 29.6% higher calorific value (19,700 ± 370 kJ kg

Indexed as

BiofuelsCookingManureNutsRenewable EnergyAir Pollution, IndoorAnimalsCarbon DioxideCattleParticulate MatterBiofuelsCarbon DioxideManureParticulate MatterAir qualityBio-composite fuelCow dungEmission analysisGroundnut shellRenewable energySustainable development

Identifiers

PMID41629436

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-37608-6

PMCPMC12876937

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.