Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41629433›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

A field polymerizing hydrogel enables simultaneous antimicrobial, hemostatic, and analgesic delivery in traumatic wounds.

Elizabeth A Pumford, Christopher D Hamad, Amaka I Enueme, Zeinab Mamouei, Nicholas Peterson, Christopher Hart, Chad Ishmael, Alan Li, Rahul Sobti, Jack Pearce and 12 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Elizabeth A Pumford *Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Christopher D Hamad *Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. chamad@mednet.ucla.edu.
Amaka I EnuemeDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Zeinab MamoueiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Nicholas PetersonDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Christopher HartDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Chad IshmaelDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Alan LiDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los California, CA, 90095, USA.
Rahul SobtiUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Jack PearceUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Jeremiah TaylorDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los California, CA, 90095, USA.
Micah RalstonUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Jared D WainwrightDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Kan NakamotoDepartment of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Perenlei EnkhbaatarDepartment of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Kaitlyn A CookDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Kevin P FrancisDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
John AdamsDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Alexandra StavrakisDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Joseph C WenkeDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Shriners Children's Texas, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Andrea M KaskoDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Nicholas M BernthalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Funding

U.S. Department of Defense W81XWH-20-1-0520
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traumatic injuries in resource-limited settings, such as remote, rural, or disaster-affected environments, require wound care solutions that can effectively address hemorrhage, infection, and pain outside of traditional clinical infrastructure. We developed a field-polymerizable hydrogel wound dressing capable of delivering tranexamic acid (hemostatic), vancomycin and tobramycin (broad-spectrum antibiotics), and lidocaine (analgesic) directly to the site of injury. Using computational modeling, we designed a lightweight, rugged hydrogel that polymerizes rapidly with potable water and conforms to irregular wound beds. The system demonstrated burst release of hemostatic and analgesic agents and sustained antibiotic release over four days. In vitro and in vivo testing confirmed the hydrogel’s ability to stabilize clots, prevent fibrinolysis, and eradicate polymicrobial gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections in a murine model of open fracture. Large animal studies further validated its translational potential in a large, complex wound. This modular, multifunctional platform provides a field-ready solution for wound management in austere environments, with the potential to reduce infection, control bleeding, and improve wound stabilization when access to definitive care is delayed.

Indexed as

AnalgesicsHemostaticsHydrogelsWounds and InjuriesAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsDisease Models, AnimalHumansLidocaineMiceTobramycinTranexamic AcidVancomycinWound HealingAnalgesicsAnti-Bacterial AgentsHemostaticsHydrogelsLidocaineTobramycinTranexamic AcidVancomycin

Identifiers

PMID41629433
PMCPMC12917186

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.