ArticleNature communications2026
Advancing A(H5N1) influenza risk assessment in ferrets through comparative evaluation of airborne virus shedding patterns.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risk assessment of avian influenza A(H5N5) virus from the first human case using the ferret model.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Influenza.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Cellular tropism of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in human respiratory and bovine mammary epithelial cells.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Prior immunity to seasonal influenza A(H3N2) virus confers varying levels of cross-protection against challenge with clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1), A(H7N9), or A(H9N2) virus in a ferret model.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Hemagglutinin E190D substitution in clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) influenza virus reduces receptor binding and viral fitness.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and Genomic Characterization of H5 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses in Jining City, 2024-2025.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Variable transmission efficiency of mammalian origin HPAI D1.1 H5N1 strains in ferrets.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Lack of respiratory droplet transmission of two recent human influenza A(H5N1) viruses in female ferrets.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026Article
- Advancing A(H5N1) influenza risk assessment in ferrets through comparative evaluation of airborne virus shedding patterns.Nature communications · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Recent A(H5N1) zoonotic cases linked to poultry and cattle in North America highlight the urgent need to assess the pandemic potential of emerging strains. Using male ferrets, we evaluate two B3.13 and two D1.1 genotype A(H5N1) viruses isolated from humans and observe fatal disease and varying capacities for direct contact transmission. To enhance pandemic risk assessment, we conduct aerosol sampling using cyclone BC251 and water condensation capture-based SPOT samplers and perform comparative analyses to include additional A(H5N1), A(H9N2), A(H7N9), and A(H1N1)pdm09 strains with known transmissibility profiles. Although none of the A(H5N1) strains transmit via the air, B3.13 viruses are detected at significantly higher levels compared to D1.1 strains. Here we show strong correlations between viral loads in nasal washes, airborne virus shedding, and transmissibility in ferrets, highlighting the value of these metrics for identifying zoonotic influenza viruses that may be adapting toward increased transmission potential.
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