ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2026
Disparities and barriers to life-course vaccination in Ethiopia: Evidence from a household survey.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing life course immunization in Ethiopia: A policy imperative for universal health coverage and equity.Global health research and policy · 2026Article
- Access Barriers to Healthcare and Full Childhood Immunization Coverage in East Africa (2015-2023): A Propensity Score Matched Analysis.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
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19 authors.
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Abstract
Achieving equitable access to life-course vaccination is a central objective of the global Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030). Ethiopia has made notable gains in routine immunization; however, disparities remain, particularly in underserved, pastoralist, and conflict-affected regions. This study assessed vaccination coverage, disparities, and barriers to service utilization across four regions of Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 57 woredas (districts) of Afar, Amhara, Oromia, and Tigray Regional states. Trained health workers administered digital questionnaires with GPS-enabled devices to caregivers, and eligible individuals subsequently received vaccines. The study enumerated 1.2 million households comprising 5.3 million individuals, including children under five, adolescent girls (9-14 y), pregnant women, and person aged 12 y and above. Descriptive and geospatial analyses were applied to examine coverage levels and disparities. The findings were revealed that 9.1% were zero dose, and 11.2% under-immunized, with measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage at 88.3% among children aged 12-59 months. In addition, 79.6% of pregnant women were received tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine, 75.3% of adolescent girls received Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine, while only almost half 53.8% of individuals aged 12 y and above received COVID-19 vaccine. Marked regional disparities were emerged: Afar recorded the highest zero-dose prevalence (24%), whereas Amhara and Tigray reported disparity levels below 10%. Despite progress in routine immunization, inequities persist, disproportionately affecting remote and marginalized populations. Addressing these gaps requires integrating geospatial microplanning, expanding mobile outreach, and applying culturally tailored demand-generation strategies to ensure equitable vaccine access and advance IA2030 targets.
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