Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41628718›Full record

ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2026

Midlife and late-life neighborhood socioeconomic status and cognitive function in later life: Differences by race.

Greta Jianjia Cheng, Christina F Mair, Jeanine M Buchanich, Tiffany L Gary-Webb, C Elizabeth Shaaban, Andrea L Rosso

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Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Greta Jianjia ChengDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, United States. Electronic address: gj.cheng@pitt.edu.
Christina F MairDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
Jeanine M BuchanichDepartment of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
Tiffany L Gary-WebbDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
C Elizabeth ShaabanDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States; School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
Andrea L RossoDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, United States.

Funding

Peripheral Nerve Function Decline in an Aged CohortR01AG028050 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI STROTMEYER, ELSA S. · 2007 to 2015
$3.5M
End of Life in the Very OldR01NR012459 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI ALBERT, STEVEN M, LUNNEY, JUNE R · 2011 to 2015
$2.7M
Cognitive Decline, Brain Aging, Physical Environment, and MobilityR21AG054666 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI ROSSO, ANDREA L · 2016 to 2017
$397k
NIA NIH HHS N01-AG-6–2101NIA NIH HHS N01-AG-6–2103NIA NIH HHS N01-AG-6–2106NIA NIH HHS R01 AG028050NIA NIH HHS R01-AG-028050NIA NIH HHS R21 AG054666NIA NIH HHS R21 AG054666–01NINR NIH HHS R01 NR012459
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeEvidence regarding neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) as an upstream determinant of cognitive outcomes has largely lacked a life-course perspective. We examined racial differences in the associations between midlife and late-life nSES and cognitive function in a cohort of 330 Black and White older Americans aged 70 + .

methodsGeneral cognitive function was measured using Modified Mini-Mental State Examination up to a 15-year follow-up. Midlife (age 49-58) and late-life (age 70-79) nSES scores were z-standardized based on five census indicators of tract-level socioeconomic characteristics. Mixed-effects linear regression examined the associations between midlife and late-life nSES and cognitive function.

resultsHigher midlife nSES was associated with higher baseline levels of cognitive function among Black (β: 3.10, 95 % CI: 0.85, 5.33), but not among White participants (β: 0.51, 95 % CI: -0.88, 1.90; p for interaction: 0.037). There were no observed associations between midlife nSES and changes in cognitive function in the overall sample or in either racial group. Late-life nSES was not associated with baseline levels of cognitive function or changes in the overall sample or either racial group.

conclusionsMidlife may be a critical period in which neighborhood socioeconomic exposure has a greater impact on late-life cognitive health, particularly for Black individuals.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanCognitionNeighborhood CharacteristicsResidence CharacteristicsSocial ClassAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesWhiteCensus tractsCognitive agingCognitive declineCognitive functionHealth disparitiesHealth equityNeighborhood characteristicsNeighborhood environmentRacial minorities

Identifiers

PMID41628718
PMCPMC13480429

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