ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026
Deglacial stratification of the polar Southern Ocean.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
It is widely accepted that meltwater from northern ice sheets drove changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, impacting global climate. In contrast, data are lacking on the Antarctic Ice Sheet's (AIS) effect on Southern Ocean overturning, despite the Southern Ocean's central role in ventilating the ocean interior. Here, we present diatom-bound nitrogen isotope evidence indicating that during deglaciations, as wind-driven upwelling in the open Antarctic Ocean increased, AIS melting strengthened density stratification in the polar Antarctic Ocean. This change coincides with reconstructions of meltwater discharge and resembles model simulations of global warming including AIS meltwater forcing. The transient input of freshwater and, thus, buoyancy weakened Southern Ocean's "lower cell" that outcrops in the polar Antarctic Ocean even as open Antarctic Ocean's "upper cell" strengthened. Given evidence that deep-ocean ventilation and CO
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