Observational studyPloS one2026
Risk of prostatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An observational retrospective cohort study of canagliflozin versus other antihyperglycemic agents using propensity score matching.
Observational study in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Active Safety Surveillance Using Real-World Evidence (ASSURE) Implementation: Transparent and Reproducible Real-World Evidence Standardized Framework to Support Safety Signal Evaluation.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeProstatitis has been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving antihyperglycemic agents (AHAs). This study was conducted to evaluate the risk of prostatitis with canagliflozin in response to a specific Health Authority query.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study used data from adult male patients with T2DM who were new users of canagliflozin (target) or comparators (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, sitagliptin, and liraglutide). Data were obtained from 8 global administrative claims databases, transformed to a Common Data Model for consistent analysis across databases. Pairwise comparisons were conducted using propensity scores to match canagliflozin users to users of each comparator at a 1:n ratio (maximum n = 100). Hazard ratios were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model, conditioned on the matched set.
resultsA total of 388,893 adult male patients with T2DM received canagliflozin across databases (mean age, 51.2-71.7 years) and were matched to 657,134 patients receiving empagliflozin, 340,539 receiving dapagliflozin, 819,047 receiving sitagliptin, and 278,684 receiving liraglutide. On-treatment incidence rates showed that prostatitis was uncommon in the canagliflozin cohort in nearly all databases (4.2-7.7 per 1000 person-years) and were similar to those of the comparator treatments. The exception was a higher crude incidence rate in the Merative MarketScan® Medicare Supplemental Database (10.1-12.1 per 1000 person-years). Propensity score matching achieved good balance in all available covariates, and effect estimates were relatively close to a hazard ratio of 1.0, varying on both sides of the null effect. Minimum detectable relative risks were low in most databases, and meta-analytic estimates were near 1.0, with all upper bounds <1.50. No association (either increased or decreased risk) was found with canagliflozin versus other AHAs.
conclusionsThis analysis found no evidence of a statistically significantly increased risk of prostatitis among adult male patients with T2DM receiving canagliflozin compared with the other AHAs evaluated in this study.
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