ArticleJAMA network open2026
Clinical and Liquid Biomarkers of 20-Year Prostate Cancer Risk in Men Aged 45 to 70 Years.
Article in JAMA network open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Reference values for PSA, PSA density, and MRI prostate volume in healthy German men.European radiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Prostate cancer incidence is projected to double by 2040, yet optimal risk stratification approaches for screening remain unclear despite recent international endorsements of organized programs that call for risk-adapted algorithms using readily available biomarkers. Objective: To identify biomarkers for risk-adapted prostate cancer screening in men without prostate cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used data from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), a prospective population-based research initiative in Germany that randomly invited participants aged 20 to 79 years who underwent comprehensive examinations with structured 20-year follow-up. Data were collected from October 17, 1997, through September 14, 2021, with final analysis completed November 16, 2025. Exposures: Baseline clinical and liquid biomarkers, including body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and glycated hemoglobin, together with prostate cancer-specific biomarkers of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and magnetic resonance imaging-derived prostate volume and PSA density. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was long-term prostate cancer incidence. Cumulative incidence functions for prostate cancer and death were treated as competing risks. Cause-specific Cox models were used to estimate risk and assess the association between baseline biomarkers and long-term incidence. Results: Among 2651 men included in the study (median [IQR] age, 54.0 [48.0-62.0] years), 1482 (55.9%) had low baseline PSA levels (<1.00 ng/mL), with a cumulative prostate cancer incidence of 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0%-0.4%), 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.2%), and 3.3% (95% CI, 2.1%-4.8%) at 5, 10, and 20 years, respectively. In 958 men (36.1%) with intermediate PSA levels (1.00-3.00 ng/mL), prostate cancer incidence was 1.4% (95% CI, 0.7%-2.3%), 5.0% (95% CI, 3.6%-6.6%), and 11.8% (95% CI, 9.2%-14.8%) at 5, 10, and 20 years, respectively. In 211 men (8.0%) with high PSA levels (>3.00 ng/mL), prostate cancer incidence was 14.5% (95% CI, 10.1%-19.7%), 28.3% (95% CI, 22.2%-34.8%), and 34.8% (95% CI, 27.5%-42.2%) at 5, 10, and 20 years, respectively. Cumulative prostate cancer incidence differed significantly among the PSA groups (P < .001). In univariable and multivariable Cox regression, age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07), PSA (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.07), and PSA density (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.30-1.52) remained consistently associated with prostate cancer risk, whereas other variables showed either no association or inconsistent results across models. Conclusions and Relevance: This cohort study found that a low baseline PSA level was associated with low long-term prostate cancer risk among men aged 45 to 70 years, supporting risk-adapted screening with extended intervals for men with low PSA levels.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.