Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41627632›Full record

Observational studyEndocrine2026

Effect of gender affirming hormone therapy on bone mineral density and bone marrow composition in transgender adults.

Silvia Di Chiano, Davide Diacinti, Cristiana Cipriani, Daniele Diacinti, Enrico Delli Paoli, Jessica Pepe, Francesco Lombardo, Francesco Pallotti

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Endocrine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Silvia Di ChianoDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Medical Physiopathology, Alimentary and Endocrinology Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6291-1887
Davide DiacintiDepartment of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Radiology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9294-5455
Cristiana CiprianiDepartment of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. cristiana.cipriani@uniroma1.it.ORCID 0000-0002-0141-1202
Daniele DiacintiFondazione Sapienza, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6894-3433
Enrico Delli PaoliDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Medical Physiopathology, Alimentary and Endocrinology Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4866-7130
Jessica PepeDepartment of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1566-6553
Francesco LombardoDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Medical Physiopathology, Alimentary and Endocrinology Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Francesco PallottiDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Medical Physiopathology, Alimentary and Endocrinology Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6042-6474

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe study was aimed at evaluating areal (a) bone mineral density (BMD) and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in Assigned Male at Birth (AMAB) and Assigned Female at Birth (AFAB) transgender adults before and during gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT).

methodsThe prospective observational pilot study was performed in 23 transgender adults (14 AFAB and 9 AMAB; mean age 24.1 and 27.1 years, respectively]. Testosterone in AFAB and 17-β estradiol, androgen antagonists in AMAB were administered as part of the clinical practice. Lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck, total hip and distal radius aBMD were measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (iDXA, Lunar GE, USA) and BMAT by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) before (T0) and 12 months (T12) after initiating GAHT. L1-L4 trabecular bone score (TBS) was calculated by TBS iNsight (Medimaps, Switzerland). Vertebral fracture assessment was performed by DXA (iDXA, Lunar GE, USA).

resultsAMAB had significant reduction in L1-L4 aBMD (p < 0.05) and an increase in TBS (p < 0.05) at T12. All-site aBMD and TBS did not significantly change over time in the AFAB group. No changes in BMAT values were observed in both groups. A negative correlation between BMAT and L1-4 aBMD was observed at T0 (p < 0.05), which remained significant after adjustment for BMI and age.

conclusionLumbar spine aBMD declines while TBS increases in AMAB subject during GAHT. BMAT values are not influenced by a 12-month course of GAHT and their association with L1-L4 aBMD are significant before but not during treatment.

Indexed as

Androgen AntagonistsBone DensityBone MarrowEstradiolGender-Affirming ProceduresTestosteroneTransgender PersonsAbsorptiometry, PhotonAdipose TissueAdultFemaleHumansLumbar VertebraeMalePilot ProjectsProspective StudiesAndrogen AntagonistsEstradiolTestosteroneAFABAMABBoneBone marrow adipose tissueTransgender people

Identifiers

PMID41627632

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.