ReviewAdvances in therapy2026
Checkpoint Inhibition in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: A Narrative Review on the Reawakening of Antitumor Immunity.
Review in Advances in therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Why do patients still die from gestational trophoblastic neoplasia? System failures beyond curability.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionGestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a highly curable malignancy arising from placental trophoblasts, yet a small subset of patients develops multidrug resistance with limited therapeutic options. The discovery of high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression across trophoblastic tumors has provided a compelling biological rationale for immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.
objectiveTo summarize current evidence on immunotherapy in GTN, integrating biological foundations, clinical experiences, and ongoing clinical trials, and to discuss future perspectives toward individualized, fertility-preserving management.
methodsA narrative review was conducted according to structured PRISMA-based principles. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from 2000 to 2025 using predefined descriptors related to GTN and immunotherapy. Eligible studies included clinical trials, case series, case reports, and translational research addressing immune checkpoint inhibitors in GTN.
resultsGTN exhibits high PD-L1 expression, mirroring the immune-privileged nature of the placenta. Checkpoint inhibitors alone, such as pembrolizumab, avelumab, or the combination of camrelizumab plus apatinib (that potently suppresses the kinase activity of vascular endothelial growth factor 2), have demonstrated complete and durable responses in approximately 70-80% of patients with multidrug-resistant GTN, with acceptable safety and preserved fertility.
conclusionsImmunotherapy has expanded therapeutic GTN, transforming refractory disease as a result of its immune responsiveness. Checkpoint inhibition not only achieves high remission rates but also offers fertility preservation and long-term survivorship. The future challenge lies in optimizing combination strategies, refining biomarkers, and ensuring equitable global access to these emerging treatments.
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Registered trials
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