Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41626519›Full record

ReviewParasite epidemiology and control2026

Residual antimalarial drug concentrations before treatment in malaria patients in Asia and Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis depicting its implication for drug pressure.

Karol J Marwa, Maria Zinga, Hussein R Mnkungwe, Ritah Mutagonda, Anthony Kapesa, Richard O Mwaiswelo, Bruno Mmbando, John P A Lusingu, Erasmus Kamugisha

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Parasite epidemiology and control, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Karol J MarwaDepartment of Pharmacology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Maria ZingaDepartment of Parasitology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Hussein R MnkungweDepartment of Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Ritah MutagondaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Anthony KapesaDepartment of Community Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Richard O MwaisweloDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Kairuki University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Bruno MmbandoNational Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanzania.
John P A LusinguNational Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanzania.
Erasmus KamugishaDepartment of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Resistance to antimalarial drugs has been a major hindrance towards malaria control and elimination. Extensive drug use may increase pressure on parasites, thereby promoting the emergence and spread of resistance, particularly when drug levels are below minimum inhibitory concentrations. Therefore, this review aimed to assess the magnitude of pre-treatment with antimalarial drugs among patients attending health facilities. Methods: Studies reporting residual drug levels among Results: Fifteen (15) studies involving 3522 malaria patients were included in the analysis. The heterogeneity among the studies included in the meta-analysis was high (I Conclusion: The substantial pooled proportions of malaria patients with pre-treatment drug levels imply the existence of drug pressure, which is potential for the development of antimalarial drug resistance.

Indexed as

Anti-malarialsConcentrationsPlasmodium falciparumPre-treatmentResidual

Identifiers

PMID41626519
PMCPMC12860267

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.