ReviewCureus2025
Epidemiological Link Between Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Engaging people with lived experience to co-design a community-led physical activity and diabetes prevention intervention for people experiencing homelessness.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has emerged as a significant and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet its incorporation into routine cardiovascular prevention and care remains limited. This review synthesizes epidemiological evidence showing consistent associations between PTSD and increased incidence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality across diverse populations, including veterans, civilians, women, and disaster-exposed cohorts. The review also highlights the bidirectional relationship between PTSD and CVD, since traumatic cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest can precipitate persistent PTSD symptoms that negatively influence prognosis and recovery. Multiple biological and behavioral mechanisms are described, including autonomic dysregulation, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic disturbances, and maladaptive health behaviors. Clinical implications include gaps in current screening practices, the need for trauma-informed approaches in cardiovascular care, the impact of PTSD on treatment adherence and cardiac rehabilitation, and the potential role of PTSD-targeted interventions in reducing cardiovascular risk. Key limitations in the existing literature are identified, such as heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria, residual confounding from comorbid psychiatric conditions, and the underrepresentation of women and non-veteran populations. The review concludes by outlining future research priorities, with emphasis on mechanistic studies, longitudinal cohorts, clinical intervention trials, and the integration of social determinants of health. A deeper understanding of the complex relationship between PTSD and CVD is essential for advancing both prevention and clinical management in trauma-exposed individuals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.