Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41625848›Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Impact of Spinal Cord Injury on Mental Health: A Narrative Review.

Katerina Gklantzouni, Dimitrios-Stergios Evangelopoulos, Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos, Spiridon Pnevmaticos

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Katerina GklantzouniPostgraduate Training Program, KAT Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC.
Dimitrios-Stergios EvangelopoulosPostgraduate Training Program, KAT Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC.
Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC.
Spiridon PnevmaticosPostgraduate Training Program, KAT Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spinal cord injury is a condition that radically alters an individual's life, significantly affecting their mental health. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation after spinal cord injury and reports key factors associated with poorer or more favorable mental health outcomes, to inform rehabilitation strategies and improve quality of life. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus, covering the last decade (2015-2025). Thirty studies met the predefined eligibility criteria. The main outcomes examined were depression, anxiety, PTSD, suicidality, and overall quality of life linked to mental health. Outcomes were assessed using validated instruments reported in the included studies (e.g., Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)). Across the included studies, individuals with spinal cord injury generally reported higher prevalence rates compared with general population estimates for depression (26%-35%), anxiety (10%-26%), PTSD (12%-36%), and suicidal ideation (11%-33%). Factors correlated with poorer mental health outcomes included socioeconomic disadvantages, pain interference, and secondary health conditions. In contrast, psychosocial factors such as resilience, self-efficacy, and social support, as well as physical activity, were associated with better psychological outcomes. This narrative review highlights the substantial impact on mental health that has been reported after spinal cord injury, with higher rates of depression and other psychiatric disorders compared to the general population. By summarizing factors associated with poorer and more favorable mental health outcomes, this review aims to inform rehabilitation programs with a holistic approach, support timely identification of mental health issues, and guide management approaches to promote quality of life among individuals with spinal cord injury.

Indexed as

anxietydepressionmental healthpsychosocial factorsquality of lifespinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID41625848
PMCPMC12854544

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.