Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41625528›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in insect science2025

Evaluating the nutrient and fatty acid profiles of black soldier fly larvae (

Sarayut Pittarate, Chaiwat Arjin, Perumal Vivekanandhan, Kannan Swathy, Chun-I Chiu, Supamit Mekchay, Patipan Hnokaew, Apinya Sartsook, Thanandon Siripan, Korawan Sringarm and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in insect science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Sarayut Pittarate *Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Chaiwat Arjin *Center of Omics for High-Value Agriculture (AgOmics-CMU), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Perumal VivekanandhanOffice of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Kannan SwathyDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Chun-I ChiuDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Supamit MekchayCenter of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand.
Patipan HnokaewDepartment of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Apinya SartsookOffice of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Thanandon SiripanDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Korawan SringarmCenter of Omics for High-Value Agriculture (AgOmics-CMU), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Patcharin KrutmuangDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative protein source for animal feed, particularly when reared on organic by-products. This study evaluated the nutritional composition of BSFL reared on different organic substrates to support sustainable feed production. Methods: BSFL were reared on five organic substrates: chicken feed, pig feed, soy milk residue, coconut press cake, and perilla cake. Larvae were cultivated in metal trays (23 × 15 cm) for 2-4 weeks under controlled conditions (28 ± 2 °C; 65 ± 5% relative humidity). At the prepupal stage, larvae were harvested and analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, ash, growth performance, and fatty acid profiles. Results: Significant differences in nutritional composition were observed among substrates. Crude protein content was high in larvae fed chicken feed (50.55 ± 0.07%), pig feed (52.10 ± 0.14%), soy milk residue (52.15 ± 0.78%), and perilla cake (47.20 ± 0.00%). Crude fiber was highest in larvae fed soy milk residue (7.19 ± 1.48%) and perilla cake (5.38 ± 0.25%). Favorable growth performance was observed, with larvae reaching 0.22 ± 0.01 g in weight, 20.38 ± 0.36 mm in length, and 5.08 ± 0.05 mm in width. Fatty acid analysis revealed substantial levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, including palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids. Larvae reared on coconut press cake showed the highest saturated fatty acid content (74.91 ± 0.03%), while those fed soy milk residue exhibited the highest oleic (26.68 ± 0.06%) and linoleic acid (38.44 ± 0.07%) contents, resulting in increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (38.57 ± 0.03%). Discussion: The findings demonstrate that organic by-products commonly available in Thailand are suitable substrates for BSFL production and significantly influence larval nutritional quality. These substrates enable the production of nutrient-rich, cost-effective, and sustainable insect-based feed, contributing to responsible consumption, waste valorization, and food security.

Indexed as

black soldier fly larvaefatty acid profileHermetia illucenslife on landnutritional valueresponsible consumption and productionzero hunger

Identifiers

PMID41625528
PMCPMC12852317

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.