Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41625355›Full record

ArticleOphthalmology science2026

Associations between Ocular Surface Microbiome and Refractive Status in Children and Adolescents.

Xiangtian Ling, Yu Peng, Yuzhou Zhang, Charlene C Yim, Hei-Nga Chan, Yating Yang, Qihang Sun, Xiu-Juan Zhang, Ka Wai Kam, Wai Kit Chu and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Ophthalmology science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Xiangtian LingDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Yu PengDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Yuzhou ZhangDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Charlene C YimDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Hei-Nga ChanDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Yating YangDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Qihang SunDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Xiu-Juan ZhangDepartment of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Ka Wai KamDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Wai Kit ChuDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Patrick IpDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Alvin L YoungDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Christopher J HammondDepartment of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Stephen Kwok Wing TsuiSchool of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Clement C ThamDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Chi Pui PangDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Li Jia ChenDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Jason C YamDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: To identify the compositional and functional alterations in the ocular surface microbiome (OSM) which are associated with myopia in children and adolescents. Design: A population-based, cross-sectional study. Participants: Eight hundred forty-seven children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years were included. Methods: Conjunctival swab samples were collected from the participants and processed via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Main Outcome Measures: Microbial profiles of participants were processed with QIIME2. Alpha (species diversity) and beta diversity (community structure) metrics were calculated. Microbial functional profile was predicted using PICRUSt2. Results: Shannon ( Conclusions: This study reveals distinct compositional and functional profiles in the OSM of myopic children and adolescents. These findings demonstrate an association between refractive status and the OSM; however, causality has not been established, highlighting the need for further research. Financial Disclosures: The author has no/the authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Indexed as

Axial lengthDiversityMyopiaOcular surface microbiome

Identifiers

PMID41625355
PMCPMC12858338

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.