Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41625231›Full record

ArticlePrecision clinical medicine2026

IRF7 orchestrates maladaptive smooth muscle cell phenotype switching in atherosclerosis.

Rundong Cai, Xin Chen, Hongxia Zhang, Qi Wang, Wanrong Xie, Xinghua Pan, Chun Liang, Haiying Zhu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Precision clinical medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rundong CaiDepartment of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 611230, China.
Xin ChenDepartment of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 571623, China.
Hongxia ZhangDepartment of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 571623, China.
Qi WangDepartment of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 571623, China.
Wanrong XieViterbi School of Enginnering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA.
Xinghua PanPrecision Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Medical Science Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China.
Chun LiangDepartment of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 611230, China.
Haiying ZhuDepartment of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 571623, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit remarkable plasticity, undergoing extensive phenotypic switching to generate a highly heterogeneous population within atherosclerotic plaques. While recent studies have highlighted the contribution of SMC-derived macrophage-like cells to plaque inflammation, the specific molecular drivers governing the transition to these pathogenic states remain poorly understood. Methods: Here, we re-analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from lineage-traced mice to dissect SMC heterogeneity during atherogenesis. Trajectory analysis revealed that SMCs transdifferentiate into a distinct pro-inflammatory macrophage-like subpopulation (macrophage 4) via an intermediate "stem-endothelial-monocyte" cell state. Integrated gene regulatory network inference and Results: Clinically, IRF7 expression was significantly upregulated in unstable and advanced human atherosclerotic plaques, correlating strongly with inflammatory macrophage burden. Conclusions: These findings identify IRF7 as a critical checkpoint in maladaptive SMC phenotype switching. We demonstrate that IRF7 drives the transdifferentiation of SMCs into a pro-inflammatory macrophage-like state, thereby fueling plaque instability. Consequently, therapeutic strategies capable of inhibiting IRF7-mediated SMC plasticity may prove effective in stabilizing vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.

Indexed as

atherosclerosisinflammationIRF7macrophage-like cellsphenotype switchingsingle-cell RNA sequencingtransdifferentiationvascular smooth muscle cell

Identifiers

PMID41625231
PMCPMC12859258

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.