Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41624995›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes research2026

Global, Regional, and National Prevalence for Type 2 Diabetes Among Women of Childbearing Age, 1992-2021: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Zhongyan Xu, Mengting Liu, Miaoran Chen, Xinying Shen, Xinying Hao, Quan Yun, Yunzhou Zheng, Yan Cui, Jun Qiao, Fukun Wang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Zhongyan XuClinical Laboratory, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5254-3678
Mengting LiuDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, sxmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7367-7491
Miaoran ChenDepartment of Nephrology, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, sxmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-6699
Xinying ShenDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, sxmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2841-928X
Xinying HaoDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, sxmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5732-9379
Quan YunDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, sxmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7571-4768
Yunzhou ZhengClinical Laboratory, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3179-894X
Yan CuiClinical Laboratory, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2754-9776
Jun QiaoDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, sustc.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7038-4538
Fukun WangClinical Laboratory, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7380-0074

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In 2021, global T2DM prevalence among WCBAs reached 73.86 million (95% UI: 63.43-85.32 million), with China, India, and the United States leading. Greenland exhibited the largest rise in age-standardized prevalence (7.93%), with an annual increase of 11.32% (95% UI: 8.33%-14.39%). From 1992 to 2021, prevalence rose in 195 countries, declined in eight, and remained stable in one. Prevalence increased with age, peaking in women aged 45-49, and was higher in low-SDI regions, which also experienced sharper increases. Period and cohort effects worsened globally, particularly in low-SDI regions. Population growth drove burden increases in low-SDI areas, while epidemiological factors dominated in high-SDI regions. T2DM-related visual impairment was more severe in low- and medium-SDI regions. Projections for 2022-2030 predict unfavorable increasing trends. T2DM prevalence among WCBAs has steadily risen since 1992, with worsening inequalities and healthcare disparities. Projections to 2030 underscore the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies, particularly in low- and medium-SDI regions.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Global Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPrevalenceage–period–cohort analysisGlobal Burden of Disease Study 2021prevalenceType 2 diabetes mellituswomen of childbearing age

Identifiers

PMID41624995
PMCPMC12853072

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.