Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41624869›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

Macrophage-targeted PEGylated liposomes ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Alexander Muselman, Lewis W Yu, Khoa D Nguyen, Mohammed Inayathullah, Qiang Liu, Kyle D Brewer, Andrey V Malkovskiy, Jayakumar Rajadas, Edgar G Engleman

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Alexander MuselmanDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Lewis W YuDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Khoa D NguyenDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Mohammed InayathullahAdvanced Drug Delivery and Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory of Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, , Stanford, CA, United States.
Qiang LiuAdvanced Drug Delivery and Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory of Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, , Stanford, CA, United States.
Kyle D BrewerAdvanced Drug Delivery and Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory of Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, , Stanford, CA, United States.
Andrey V MalkovskiyDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Stanford, CA, United States.
Jayakumar RajadasAdvanced Drug Delivery and Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory of Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, , Stanford, CA, United States.
Edgar G EnglemanDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Macrophages are the predominant immune cell type found in active multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) lesions, where they contribute to demyelination and axonal damage. Depending on the lesion stage, these cells can exhibit either a pro-inflammatory or neurotoxic phenotype that drives central nervous system (CNS) injury or an anti-inflammatory phenotype that promotes remyelination. Therefore, strategies that modulate macrophage function may offer therapeutic benefits for MS. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in various models of inflammation and neurodegeneration, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the potential of PEG and PEG-based delivery systems to modulate EAE. Although PEG alone did not alter EAE progression, it suppressed the pro-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages

Indexed as

Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalLiposomesMacrophagesPolyethylene GlycolsAnimalsFemaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMultiple SclerosisSpinal CordLiposomesPolyethylene Glycolsexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)liposomemacrophagesmultiple sclerosisneurodegenerative diseaseneuroinflammation

Identifiers

PMID41624869
PMCPMC12852013

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.