Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41624842›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

TENS alleviates CP/CPPS-related inflammation and pain by modulating Kir2.1-dependent macrophage polarization.

Ting Hong, Xinyu Liu, Zepai Chi, Guoyuan Liu, Yuanfeng Zhang, Xuanhao Lin, Peixiu Yao, Qingyun Gong, Yonghai Zhang, Xuwei Hong

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ting HongClinical Medical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China.
Xinyu LiuClinical Medical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China.
Zepai ChiDepartment of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China.
Guoyuan LiuDepartment of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China.
Yuanfeng ZhangDepartment of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China.
Xuanhao LinDepartment of Biobank, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China.
Peixiu YaoDepartment of Biobank, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China.
Qingyun GongDepartment of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China.
Yonghai ZhangShantou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Malignant Tumors, Shantou, China.
Xuwei HongShantou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Malignant Tumors, Shantou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) remains a challenging urological condition. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) and explored its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Prostate tissue samples from 26 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients were collected at Shantou Central Hospital and analyzed for M1/M2 macrophage infiltration using immunohistochemistry (IHC). In animal experiments, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control ( Results: In BPH tissues, the M1/M2 macrophage ratio positively correlated with inflammation severity. In EAP rats, 4 Hz TENS significantly alleviated pelvic pain, reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression, and reversed histopathological damage. TENS promoted macrophage repolarization toward the M2 phenotype. ES Conclusion: TENS alleviates CP/CPPS by promoting M1-to-M2 macrophage repolarization, representing a promising therapeutic strategy.

Indexed as

MacrophagesPelvic PainPotassium Channels, Inwardly RectifyingProstatitisTranscutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationAnimalsCell PolarityDisease Models, AnimalHumansInflammationMacrophage ActivationMaleMiceRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRAW 264.7 CellsKir2.1 channelPotassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifyingchronic pelvic pain syndromemacrophagespotassium channelsprostatitistranscutaneous electric nerve stimulation

Identifiers

PMID41624842
PMCPMC12857300

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.