ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2025
Two rare cases of Rhupus syndrome complicated by hypertension and hyperglycemia.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Rhupus syndrome is a rare overlap disorder characterized by the co-occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although its pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated, associations with *HLA-DRβ1*0405*, sex hormone fluctuations, immune dysregulation, and environmental triggers have been proposed; the estimated incidence ranges from 0.01% to 0.2% among arthritis patients. We report two middle-aged female patients (52y and 78y) fulfilling both 2010 ACR/EULAR RA criteria and 2019 ACR/EULAR SLE, complicated by hypertension and hyperglycemia. Metabolic comorbidities constrained immunosuppressant use. Case 1 responded to methotrexate + tofacitinib with antihypertensive/lipid-lowering agents. Case 2 required total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after failed medical therapy, achieving significant pain relief; perioperative glycemic optimization was critical. Rhupus diagnosis mandates dual RA/SLE criteria; antinuclear antibody (ANA) screening is essential for arthritis patients to identify overlap syndromes. Aggressive metabolic control optimizes therapeutic safety. AI-enhanced imaging (e.g. erosion/synovitis detection) holds diagnostic promise.
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