New strategies for valve replacement and interventional options in adults with congenital heart disease: new insights from Euro-ACHD 2025.

Recent advances in congenital heart disease management reflect a paradigm shift towards less invasive, physiology-preserving, and durable interventions. Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation has become an established therapy for right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction, supported by multiple valve systems tailored to increasingly complex anatomies. These devices have demonstrated high procedural success and sustained hemodynamic performance, although infective endocarditis and arrhythmic complications remain clinical concerns. In parallel, transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR) has expanded from acquired disease to congenital populations, particularly in patients with single-ventricle physiology or systemic AVVR where surgical risk is prohibitive. Early experiences with devices such as MitraClip™, TriClip™, and Pascal have shown promising results in improving valve competence and functional status. From a surgical perspective, the Ross procedure continues to offer a unique, physiological alternative for aortic valve replacement in selected young adults, achieving excellent long-term outcomes when performed in high-volume centres with reinforcement strategies to prevent autograft dilation. Similarly, percutaneous correction of sinus venosus atrial septal defect using covered stents has emerged as a safe and effective alternative to conventional repair, providing anatomical reconstruction with low complication rates. The modern Fontan circulation exemplifies the evolution of single-ventricle palliation, emphasizing conduit optimization, pro-active re-intervention, and individualized surgical planning to sustain function over time. Collectively, these innovations underscore the growing integration of transcatheter and surgical therapies, re-defining long-term management paradigms and improving survival and quality of life in patients with congenital heart disease.