Trial reportPain research & management2026
The Analgesic Enhancing Effects of Coupling M1 and PMC rTMS on Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: An fNIRS Study.
Trial report in Pain research & management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Analgesic Enhancing Effects of Coupling M1 and PMC rTMS on Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: An fNIRS Study.Pain research & management · 2026Trial
- Motor Cortex rTMS Alleviates Pain and Comorbid Depression After Spinal Cord Injury with a Correlate in M1 Intracortical Inhibition.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Comparative Efficacy of Invasive and Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Techniques for Chronic Central and Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- The application of fNIRS-sEMG in the study of muscle-brain coupling.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left primary motor cortex (M1) shows promise for treating neuropathic pain (NP) after spinal cord injury (SCI), but its efficacy remains limited. This study investigated whether combining rTMS on M1 with premotor cortex (PMC) could improve pain relief in SCI patients with NP. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine subjects with NP post-SCI were randomly assigned to three groups: M1 + PMC (10-Hz rTMS on left M1 and PMC), M1 (10-Hz rTMS on left M1), and sham. They underwent daily rTMS sessions for 4 weeks with 2 days off each week. Pain was assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ2). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measured activations in bilateral M1, PMC, and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) during a handgrip task. Results: Pain intensity gradually declined in the M1 + PMC, M1, and sham groups over time. Both the M1 and M1 + PMC groups experienced greater reductions in NRS scores compared to the sham group ( Conclusions: High-frequency rTMS targeting both left M1 and the left PMC is more effective for NP after SCI than targeting left M1 alone, indicating a synergistic benefit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.