ArticleFrontiers in reproductive health2025
Predictors of quality of family planning counselling in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of the SPA survey 2021/22.
Article in Frontiers in reproductive health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Macro-level facilitators and impediments to fertility transition in Ethiopia: implications for reorienting family planning towards sustainable development.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Family planning service receipt during facility visits in Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2021-2022 service provision assessment survey.PloS one · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: High-quality family planning (FP) counselling is essential for informed contraceptive choice, reducing discontinuation, and improving reproductive health. However, many women in sub-Saharan Africa continue to face barriers. This study examined client-, provider-, and facility-level determinants of FP counselling quality in Ethiopia using nationally representative, multi-source data. Methods: We analysed data from the 2021/22 Ethiopia Service Provision Assessment, including 2,224 women who received or were prescribed injectables, pills, or implants. Counselling quality was assessed using a 15-item checklist derived from direct observations and client exit interviews. Multilevel ordinal logistic regression was applied to identify predictors at the client-, provider-, and facility-levels. Results: Only 32% of clients received high-quality FP counselling, with key information on side effects, STI protection, and a follow-up frequently omitted. High-quality counselling was more likely among women who had never used FP (aOR 1.40; 95% CI: 1.01-1.95) or were past users (aOR 2.05; 95% CI: 1.44-2.92), those counselled by providers with more than five years of experience (aOR 1.91; 95% CI: 1.26-2.89), and those served by providers with high adherence to medical-eligibility screening (aOR 1.67; 95% CI: 1.22-2.29). The presence of a FP-trained provider and national FP guidelines was also positively associated. Marked regional disparities were observed, with facilities in Sidama performing better and those in emerging regions lagging behind. Facility-level factors accounted for approximately 52% of the variation in counselling quality. Conclusion: The quality of FP counselling in Ethiopia remains suboptimal and is largely driven by provider and facility-level factors. Strengthening provider training, ensuring guideline availability, addressing regional disparities, and improving counselling for current users are essential for enhancing service quality, reducing discontinuation, and improving reproductive health outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.