ArticlePeerJ2026
Clinical correlation of serum zinc and chromium levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and complications in Pakistan: a retrospective study.
Article in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. The role of trace elements such as zinc and chromium in the pathophysiology of T2DM has garnered significant attention due to their involvement in glucose metabolism and insulin regulation. Objective: This cross-sectional study evaluated the clinical correlation between serum zinc and chromium levels in T2DM patients with and without complications in Pakistan. Methods: A total of 145 participants were included, comprising 100 T2DM patients (80 with complications: retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and neuropathy; 20 without complications) and 45 healthy controls. Serum zinc and chromium levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and their associations with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), demographic factors, and clinical profiles were evaluated. Results: The results showed that serum zinc and chromium levels were significantly lower in T2DM patients as compared to healthy controls ( Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential role of zinc and chromium supplementation as an adjunctive therapeutic approach in managing T2DM and preventing its complications. Further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality and explore the underlying mechanisms of trace element deficiency in diabetic patients.
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