Observational studyPublic health nutrition2026
A mixed-methods investigation of race, income, food insecurity and maternal and infant health.
Observational study in Public health nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine how race, income and food insecurity (FI) interact during pregnancy and whether FI contributes to disparities in maternal and infant health outcomes.
designObservational cohort study employed sequential explanatory a mixed-methods design, with a survey phase (including Household Food Security Survey Module [HFSSM] six-item) and medical record abstraction followed by semi-structured interviews.
settingOnline survey, virtual interviews.
participantsThe participants were individuals who gave birth in Louisiana, USA, between June 2020 and June 2021. The quantitative phase comprised 1691 individuals who completed the survey. A nested cohort of forty individuals (evenly split by race (Black v. White) and income (low v. high)) subsequently completed semi-structured interviews.
resultsRace and income were independently associated with both FI and maternal and infant health outcomes. When considering both income and FI, low-income individuals with FI were 1·73 times more likely to deliver low birthweight (LBW) infants (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 95 % CI: 1·07, 2·82) and 1·43 times more likely to experience adverse infant outcomes (aOR 95 % CI: 1·02, 2·00) than high-income individuals without FI. Black individuals with FI were 2·49 times more likely to deliver LBW infants (aOR 95 % CI: 1·45, 4·29) than White individuals without FI. Interview findings revealed low-income individuals faced disproportionate barriers to accessing healthy food and making dietary choices, which were further complicated by pregnancy-related conditions.
conclusionsThe interplay between race, income and FI significantly increases the risk of adverse infant health outcomes, demonstrating a synergistic effect. Targeted efforts to address FI, particularly among low-income pregnant individuals, are essential to improving maternal and infant health outcomes.
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