Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41622668›Full record

ArticleSurgical infections2026

Are Fewer Damage Control Laparotomies Associated with a Decrease in the Rate and Severity of Surgical Site Infections?

Stephanie Martinez Ugarte, Mokunfayo O Fajemisin, Chelsea J Guy-Frank, William D Rieger, Renee W Green, John A Harvin, Lillian S Kao

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Surgical infections, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Stephanie Martinez UgarteCenter for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Mokunfayo O FajemisinCenter for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Chelsea J Guy-FrankDepartment of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
William D RiegerCenter for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Renee W GreenCenter for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
John A HarvinCenter for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Lillian S KaoCenter for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

Funding

ROLE OF THE GUT IN POST INJURY MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURET32GM008792 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI Charles S Cox · 2001 to 2026
$5.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008792
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDamage control laparotomy (DCL) rates have declined and remained low. Given DCL's association with surgical site infections (SSIs), we hypothesize that SSI rates and severity, as per Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification, have decreased concurrently. PATIENTS AND

methodsA retrospective study was performed on patients (≥16 y) who underwent trauma laparotomy from January 2011 to December 2020. Patients who survived ≤48 hours were excluded. Data were divided into period 1 (January 2011-December 2015, DCL rates declined) and period 2 (January 2016-December 2020, low DCL rates were sustained). SSIs were defined as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and severity was graded by the CD scale (I-V). SSIs were classified as minor (CD grade I-II) and major (CD grade III-V). Uni-variable and multi-variable analyses were performed (p < 0.05).

resultsIn total 1,975 patients met the inclusion criteria. Between periods 1 and 2, there was an increase in injury severity score (ISS); (19 [IQR: 10, 29] vs. 21 [IQR: 12, 34],

conclusionsDespite decreases in DCL, SSI rates and severity after trauma laparotomy remain stable, potentially because of increased injury severity and penetrating trauma. Identification of other potential modifiable risk factors is needed to decrease SSI incidence and severity.

Indexed as

LaparotomySurgical Wound InfectionAdultFemaleHumansInjury Severity ScoreMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesClavien–Dindo classificationdamage control laparotomylaparotomysurgical site infections

Identifiers

PMID41622668
PMCPMC13035280

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.